In the heart of Lagos, Nigeria, a centuries-old tradition comes alive with the Eyo Festival, a captivating spectacle that showcases the rich cultural heritage of the Yoruba people. Also known as the Adamu Orisha Play, this unique festival has its roots in Iperu-Remo, a town in Ogun State, and has evolved into a tourist attraction that draws visitors from around the world.

The Eyo Festival has a strong historical footing, dating back to the days of secret societies in Lagos. Originally performed to escort the soul of a departed Lagos King or Chief and to usher in a new king, the festival has evolved to commemorate the life of a notable person or to celebrate a special occasion. The first procession in Lagos was held on February 20, 1854, to commemorate the life of Oba Akintoye.

On Eyo Day, the streets of Lagos Island come alive with a colorful procession of white-clad Eyo masquerades, representing the spirits of the dead. The procession, which takes place from Idumota to the Iga Idunganran palace, is a sight to behold, with the masquerades, known as “agogoro Eyo” (tall Eyo), paying homage to the reigning Oba of Lagos. The festival takes place whenever occasion and tradition demand, though it is usually held as part of the final burial rites of a highly regarded chief in the king’s court.

The Eyo Festival is a celebration of tradition, with each of the five Eyo groups – Adimu, Laba, Oniko, Ologede, and Agere – taking turns to showcase their unique costumes and performances. The festival is a time for the Yoruba people to come together and celebrate their heritage, with the traditional monarchs and nobles exercising their residual power. The participants all pay homage to the reigning Oba of Lagos, showcasing the rich cultural traditions of the Nigerian people.

The word “Eyo” also refers to the costumed dancers, known as the masquerades, that come out during the festival. The Eyo masquerades are a symbol of the spirits of the dead, and are referred to in Yoruba as “agogoro Eyo” (literally: “tall Eyo”). The Eyo festival is a homage to the death of a king, and the ritual is also organized to commemorate the election of a new leader.

A full week before the festival (always a Sunday), the ‘senior’ eyo group, the Adimu (identified by a black, broad-rimmed hat), goes public with a staff. When this happens, it means the event will take place on the following Saturday. Each of the four other Eyo groups — Laba (Red), Oniko (yellow), Ologede (Green), and Agere (Purple) — take their turns in that order from Monday to Thursday.

To maintain the sanctity of the festival, certain items are prohibited, including Okada, taxis, bicycles, sandals, and smoking. The masquerades are known to enforce these rules, beating anyone found using prohibited items with their staffs. Female participants are also prohibited from wearing head ties or headgear, while male participants are prohibited from wearing caps of any kind.

Today, the Eyo Festival has become a major tourist attraction, generating revenue for government and small businesses around the Lagos Island venue. Visitors from around the world flock to experience the vibrant culture and traditions of the Yoruba people, making it an important contributor to the local economy.

The Eyo Festival is a timeless celebration of Yoruba heritage, a testament to the rich cultural traditions of the Nigerian people. As the festival continues to evolve, it remains an important part of Yoruba identity, a symbol of their history, culture, and traditions. Whether you’re a local or a visitor, the Eyo Festival is an experience not to be missed, a chance to connect with the vibrant culture and traditions of the Yoruba people